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Adapter Sleeves (9)
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Ball Bearings (11)
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Ball Screw Bearings (2)
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Ceramic Bearings (27)
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Pillow Block Bearings (4)
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Plain Bearings (32)
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Roller Bearings (12)
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Slewing Bearings (43)
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Sliding Block (3)
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Stainless Steel Bearings (27)
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Super Precision Bearings (6)
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Thin Section Bearings (9)
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Track Rollers (4)
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Universal Joints (1)
The Ultimate Guide To Lubricate Bearings: Maximizing Performance And Extending Service Life
Introduction
Lubricate Bearings are a critical maintenance task that is essential to maintaining the performance and service life of your ball bearings or roller bearings. Bearings play a key role in reducing friction between moving parts, and without proper lubrication, these parts are prone to increased wear, leading to premature failure. The purpose of this guide is to delve into the importance of lubricated bearings and provide a more in-depth analysis of the different kinds of lubrication methods and how to avoid incorrect lubrication.
The basic goal of Lubricate Bearings is to form a thin film of lubricant between the moving surfaces of bearing elements such as balls or rollers and races.
The role of Lubricate Bearings:
1 Reduce the contact area between the various parts of the bearing and reduce friction and wear.
2 Effectively resist corrosion from moisture, chemicals and other corrosive elements in harsh environments to prevent corrosion.
3 Reduce the heat generated during work and lower the working temperature.
4 Lubricant helps distribute load more evenly across the bearing surface, enhancing load-carrying capacity.
Benefits Of Lubricate Bearings
The benefits of Lubricated Bearings are manifold. First, proper lubrication can significantly reduce friction and wear inside the bearing. By forming a lubricating film between bearing components, lubricants help spread the load exerted on the bearing, reducing the risk of damage caused by uneven loading. In addition, lubrication can effectively reduce the heat generated during operation, prevent equipment from overheating, and maintain the stability of mechanical properties. Lubricants usually contain anti-rust and antioxidant additives, which can prevent moisture and corrosive substances from attacking the bearing surface, thus avoiding rust and corrosion problems. Good lubrication can also reduce operating noise and provide a smoother and quieter mechanical operating environment. Therefore, regular and appropriate lubricated bearings are a key step to ensure efficient and safe operation of mechanical equipment.
Different Types Of Lubricants
The market offers a variety of lubricants, primarily categorized into three types: oil lubricants, grease lubricants, and solid film lubricants (dry lubricants).
Oil Lubricants
Oil lubricants are fluids with good flow properties, commonly used in parts that require quick lubrication or in environments with significant temperature fluctuations. They effectively reduce friction and wear while helping with heat dissipation and debris removal.
Common methods of oil lubrication include oil bath,Oil drip, Oil splash, and forced oil circulation.
1. Oil bath
An oil bath is where the bearings are immersed in a reservoir filled with lubricating oil.
This method is typically used on bearings, gears, and chains in relatively slow-speed applications.
2. Oil dripping
Oil dripping is the controlled dripping of oil onto specific parts of the bearing. By placing a small container filled with oil above the machine, the oil can be dripped directly onto the moving parts at a controlled rate through valves or nozzles.
This method is effective in continuously providing fresh lubrication and is suitable for parts that cannot be immersed in oil.
3. Oil splash
In the oil splash method, oil is splashed onto the bearings requiring lubrication by rapid movement of components submerged in an oil bath.
This method is commonly used in transmission applications where the movement of gears and other moving parts helps distribute oil.
4. Forced oil circulation
Forced oil circulation is used in high-speed and high-load applications, where oil is pumped through the circuit under pressure. It passes through the cooler and filter before being directed through nozzles or jets to critical points in the machine. This method not only ensures effective lubrication but also helps remove heat and contaminants from component surfaces.
Grease Lubricants
Grease lubricants are more viscous and are suitable for use on parts that are not regularly maintained or lubricated. They can form a lasting lubrication layer on metal surfaces, preventing dust and moisture ingress.
Common types include general grease, synthetic grease, solid lubricants &oils， and graphite
1. General Grease
General-purpose greases are primarily used in a variety of common industrial and automotive applications and have good water and dust resistance.
2. Synthetic Grease
Synthetic greases use synthetic oils as base oils, most commonly silicone oils, polyalphaolefins (PAO) or esters. These grease lubricants provide a stable chemical structure and superior performance, especially suitable for operation under extreme temperature conditions.
3. Solid Lubricants & Oils
Solid lubricant and oil combinations typically contain solid lubricants such as graphite, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). These additives can provide additional lubrication properties to the grease, especially under high loads, high temperatures, or where the grease may fail.
4.Graphite
Graphite is a commonly used solid lubricant often used in applications requiring dry lubrication or extreme temperature conditions. Graphite has good temperature resistance and self-lubricating properties, and can also be used as an additive to grease to enhance its performance under high loads and high temperatures.
Solid film lubricant (dry lubricant)
Solid film lubricants, also known as dry lubricants, are suitable for use in environments with extreme temperatures or higher loads, and in applications where the lubricating oil or grease may evaporate or be forced out. They provide long-lasting lubrication by forming a solid lubricating film on component surfaces.
Comparison Of Lubricants: Advantages And Disadvantages
| Type of Lubricant | Advantages | Disadvantages |
|---|---|---|
|
Oil Lubricants |
– Good flowability, quickly reaches lubrication points
– Helps in debris removal and heat dissipation |
– Requires well-sealed containers to prevent leaks
– May attract dirt in dusty environments |
|
Grease Lubricants |
– Forms a lasting lubrication layer
– Good dust and water resistance |
– Not suitable for high-speed or high-temperature environments
– May become too hard in cold conditions |
|
Solid Film Lubricants |
– Does not evaporate or get squeezed out easily
– Offers excellent wear resistance and compression strength |
– Higher initial cost
– Application process may require special treatment |
Correctly Calculate The Amount Of Lubricate Bearings
Calculating the correct amount of grease required for a bearing is an important step in ensuring proper operation and extending the life of your mechanical equipment. First, the type and size of the bearing need to be determined, as different types and sizes of bearings require different amounts of grease. Generally, the filling amount of grease should be 20%-30% of the bearing space. Bearing manufacturers provide recommendations for grease fill levels.
When calculating, you can use the formula: G = 0.005 * B * D,
where，
G： the amount of grease (grams),
B： the width of the bearing (mm),
D： the diameter of the bearing (mm).
In addition, the frequency of lubrication is also important; bearings with severe operating conditions may require more frequent lubrication. Choosing the right grease type (e.g. synthetic or mineral-based), taking into account the temperature, humidity, and contamination levels of the working environment, is also a key factor in ensuring optimal lubrication results.
Best Methods For Lubricate Bearings
The purpose of lubricated bearings is to reduce friction and wear, extend the service life of bearings, and improve the overall efficiency of mechanical equipment. Lubrication of bearings can be carried out in various ways as follows:
- Manual lubrication: is the most basic lubrication method and involves adding grease or oil directly to the bearing using a manual lubrication gun or oil bottle. Manual lubrication is simple and less expensive. Best suited for equipment with easy maintenance and infrequent lubrication requirements.
- Automatic lubrication system: (such as central lubrication system) can automatically and regularly supply oil or grease to multiple lubrication points. This system usually includes a lubrication pump, distributor, connecting lines, and timing controller to ensure that each lubrication point receives the appropriate amount of lubricant. Suitable for large machinery or complex equipment.
- Oil mist lubrication: The lubricating oil is converted into oil mist through a special oil mist generator, and then transported to lubrication points such as bearings through compressed air. The oil mist can evenly cover all surfaces of the bearing and also has a good cooling effect. Suitable for machinery in high-speed and high-temperature environments.
Common Failures Due To Improper Lubrication
Common lubrication-related failures:
- Increased friction between moving parts and excessive wear.
- Bearings overheat due to high friction.
- Bearings are exposed to corrosive elements, causing rust and corrosion.
- Dirt, dust, etc. contaminate the bearings due to improper maintenance.
- Over-lubrication, grease leakage and emulsification.
Proper Steps For Lubricate Bearings
➊. Choose the right lubricant: Choose a lubricant that matches the bearing type, load, speed, and operating environment. Different applications may require different types of lubricants (grease, oil, synthetic, etc.).
➋. Clean application points: Before applying new lubricant, clean all lubrication points to remove any remaining grease, dirt, or debris.
➌. Use the correct amount: Use the manufacturer’s guidelines to apply the precise amount of lubricant needed.
➍. Use proper tools and techniques: Use proper tools, such as a grease gun or automatic lubricator, to apply lubricant evenly and accurately.
➎. Schedule regular maintenance: Develop a lubrication schedule based on the manufacturer’s recommendations and actual operating conditions.
➏. Monitor bearing performance: Check regularly for signs of wear, overheating, or unusual noise.
Common Mistakes In Lubricate Bearings And How To Aavoid Them
Common Mistakes in Lubricate Bearings：
- Using the Wrong Type of Lubricant
- Incorrect Lubricant Amount
- Irregular Lubrication Intervals
- Poor Storage and Handling of Lubricants
- Neglecting Environmental Factors
To avoid common mistakes when lubricate bearings, the first step is to select the appropriate lubricant according to the bearing manufacturer’s specifications, taking into account the bearing type, size, speed, load and environmental conditions. Using a calibrated lubrication gun or automatic lubrication equipment allows precise control of the amount of lubricant applied, ensuring lubrication is performed in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. Establish and adhere to a regular lubrication schedule and adjust the lubrication schedule to actual working conditions through regular maintenance inspections. Store lubricants correctly, ensuring the storage environment is clean, dry and at the right temperature, and use clean dispensing tools to prevent contamination. Adjust lubrication practices to environmental changes, such as temperature changes, humidity, and exposure to contaminants, and use seals or lubricants designed for harsh environments.
Factors To Consider When Choosing A Lubricant
Key factors to consider when Lubricate Bearings:
Load: Heavy loads usually require a thicker lubricant to form a sufficient lubricating film to prevent direct metal-to-metal contact.
Speed: Bearings operating at high speeds require lubricants that can maintain protection under film conditions, often with low viscosity selected to reduce internal friction.
Temperature: Environments operating in extremely high or low temperatures require special consideration of the lubricant’s temperature stability. In high-temperature environments, lubricants should not be easily oxidized or evaporated; in low-temperature environments, lubricants need to maintain sufficient fluidity.
Environment: Lubricant must be able to resist contaminants in the environment, such as dust, moisture, chemicals, etc.
Compatibility: Lubricants should be compatible with bearing materials and other mechanical component materials in contact to prevent damage caused by chemical reactions.
Lubrication Interval: Applications with long-term or lifetime lubrication may require the use of particularly stable lubricants, while equipment with frequent maintenance may choose economical options.
Bearings We Offer
At FHD, we offer high-quality bearings designed to meet the needs of various industries. Our bearings are engineered for durability and performance, ensuring reliable operation in even the most demanding applications. Trust us to provide bearings and lubrication solutions that fit your needs.
We carry various types of bearings including:
Ball Bearings
Roller Bearings
Ceramic Bearings
Plain Bearings
Self-lubricating Bearings
Super Precision Bearings
Please go to our company homepage to learn more about our products https://fhdbearings.com/
References
- 1. Basic knowledge of “Lubricate Bearings” from Machine Design Company
- 2. Detailed explanation about “How To Lubricate Ball Bearings “from Tygrisindustrial Company
- 3. Detailed explanation of “which lubricant should be used for bearings“ from Ibtinc Company
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